NAD+

NAD+ is an essential coenzyme found in all living cells, fundamental to hundreds of metabolic processes. It is a key player in mitochondrial energy (ATP) production, DNA repair via enzymes like PARPs and sirtuins, and cellular signaling. NAD+ levels naturally decline with age, which is linked to reduced metabolic efficiency and cellular resilience. Research into NAD+ precursors (like NMN and NR) focuses on restoring these levels to support healthy aging, sustained energy metabolism, cognitive function, and genomic stability.